Net Present Value
How much your investment is worth in today's money. If positive, the business generates more than it costs. If negative, you're overpaying.
If NPV is positive, your business is worth more than it costs. If negative, you're overpaying for an asset that doesn't perform.
NPV > 0: the project creates value — go ahead. NPV = 0: it just clears the minimum required. NPV < 0: it destroys value — drop it. Initial investment: $100,000. Annual cash flows of $30,000 for 5 years. MARR: 15%. → NPV = +$562. The project covers the MARR but with a thin margin — viable and tight.